Purpose: This study was done to identify the relationships between body composition, social support, self-esteem, and health conservation and to identify the predictive factors influencing health conservation among professional career-retired elders. Methods: Participants were 112 professional career-retired elders living in D or G cities. Data collection was done through interviews during March and April, 2015. Body composition was measured with the Inbody 230 (Biospace, Korea), social support with the Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey (MOS-SSS), self-esteem with Self Esteem Questionnaire, and health conservation with the Health Conservation Scale. Data analysis included one-way ANOVA, independent t-test, Pearson correlation, and stepwise multiple regression, done with the SPSS/WIN 19.0 program. Results: The results show that fitness score, social support, self-esteem and financial status are the predictive factors influencing health conservation in professional career-retired elders. This result accounts for 63.3% of the variance in health conservation. Conclusion: The results indicate that to increase health conservation among professional career-retired elders, nursing interventions are needed to increase fitness score, social support, and self-esteem.