The purpose of the present study was to find out cause-and-effect relationship between
job requirements and job resources, with job burnout as a mediator variable, and the effects
of these variables on organizational effectiveness. The population in the present study was
private security guards employed by 13 private security companies in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do
areas, and a survey was conducted on 500 security guards selected using purposive sampling
technique. Out of 460 questionnaires distributed, 429 responses, excluding 31 outliers or
insincere responses, were used for data analysis. For analysis, data were coded and entered
into SPSS 18.0 and AMOS 18.0, which were used to analyze the data. Descriptive analyses
were performed to find out sociodemographic characteristics of the respondents. The
exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were used to test
the validity of the measurement tool, and the Cronbach’s Alpha coefficients were calculated
to test the reliability.
To find out the significance of relationships among variables, Pearson’s correlation analysis
was performed. Covariance Structure Analysis (CSA) was performed to test the relationship
among latent factors of a model for job requirements, job resources, job burnout, and
organizational effectiveness of the private security guards, and the fitness of the model
analyzed with CSA was determined by the goodness-of-fit index (χ2, df, p, RMR, GFI, CFI,
TLI, RMSEA). The level of significance was set at .05, and the following results were
obtained.
First, even though the effect of job requirements on job burnout was not statistically
significant, it had a positive influence overall, and this result can be considered such that
the higher the perception of job requirements by the member of the organization, the higher the perception of job burnout.
Second, the influence of job resources on job burnout was negative, which can be
considered that the higher the perception of job resources, the lower the perception of job
burnout.
Third, even though the influence of job requirements on organizational effectiveness was
statistically nonsignificant, it had a negative influence overall, and this result can be considered
that the higher the perception of job requirements, the lower the perception of organizational
effectiveness.
Fourth, job resources had a positive influence on organizational effectiveness, and it can
be considered that the higher the perception of job resources, the higher the perception of
organizational effectiveness.
Fifth, the results of the analysis between job burnout and organizational effectiveness
revealed that, even though the influence of job burnout on organizational effectiveness was
statistically nonsignificant, it had partial negative influences on sublevels of organizational
effectiveness, and this may suggest that the higher the perception of job burnout by the
organization members, the lower the organizational effectiveness.
Sixth, the analysis of mediating role in the relationship between job requirements and
organizational effectiveness, job burnout was taking partial mediating role between job
requirements and organizational effectiveness.
These results suggest that reducing job burnout by managing job requirements, organizational
effectiveness that leads to job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and turnover intention
can be maximized.
Seventh, the analysis of mediating role in the relationship among job requirements, job
resources, and organizational effectiveness, job burnout was assuming a partial mediating role
in the relationships among job requirements, job resources, and organizational effectiveness.
These results suggest that organizational effectiveness can be maximized by either lowering
job requirements or burnout management through reorganizing job resources.