Nepal is a landlocked mountainous country in South Asia, located between China to the north and India to the south,
east, and west. As such, wastewater management has become one of the most significant problems in urban area of
Nepal. In Nepal, the centralized wastewater treatment systems were dysfunctional due to high cost of operation,
discontinuous power supply, lack of proper maintenance and proper technical workforce to address the issues. As
such, constructed wetlands (CW) were applied to treat various secondary wastewater as alternative to wastewater
treatment facilities. Generally, efficiency and sustainability of CW technology depends on proper operation and
maintenance and active community involvement. This study summarizes information about 26 CW in Nepal.
Specifically, factors including data banking, removal efficiency, quality of discharged water, compliance to water
quality standard of Nepal and operation and maintenance were investigated. Considering removal efficiency per
pollutant, Ka-1 achieved the greatest reduction for most pollutant followed by B-1, L-3, Ka-5 and K-1. Nepal has
practiced CW technology for more than 2 decades but currently, development of technology was interrupted by the
inefficient performance of existing facilities. Public awareness about the technology, natural disaster, unavailability of
specified substrate materials, lack of fund for further research and experiments has hindered the expansion of
technology. In spite of these concerns, CW was still proven as an alternative solution to the present wastewater
problems in urban areas of Nepal.