This study aims to identify types of attack and defense strategies each
candidate for the South Korean Secretary of Education took during the
confirmation hearing Q&A session by using the persuasive attack
and defense strategy frames (Benoit & Wells, 1996). The confirmation
hearings of the Secretary of Education-designate Mr. Shin-il Kim from
Moo-hyn Roh’s regime and Mr. Do-yeon Kim from Myung-bak’s regime
were selected and analyzed as they were held by the same committee
under the 17th National Assembly.
The result shows that strategy stressing accountability is the attack
strategy that the hearing committee members adopted most at the
confirmation hearings. However, during Mr. Shin-il Kim’s confirmation
hearing, the committee members from the ruling party (Uri Party) tended to
take the strategy accused committed offensive act before while the
members from the opposition party (Hannara Party) took the strategy
emphasizing inconsistency. On the contrary, during the Mr. Do-yeon Kim’s
confirmation hearing, the committee members from the ruling party
(Hannara Party) focused on the strategy emphasizing accountability while the
opposition party (Minjoo Party) took the strategy emphasizing responsibility
for the act. Although both parties used the same strategies, the contents
highlighted differed according to the ideology that each party upheld. For
instance, Hannara Party stressed autonomy of private schools and harmful
effects of uniform education while Minjoo Party focused on concerns for
revival of college admission tests and intensification of inequality in
educational opportunities.
Another founding was that the strategy of mortification was most used by
the committee members at the confirmation hearings. The candidates
repeatedly used the strategy of bolstering and corrective actions. In
particular, when responding to questions by the opposition party, the
candidates mainly adopted mortification, denial, defeasibility, provocation, or
differentiation to avoid risks and, when responding to the questions by the
ruling party, used bolstering and corrective action strategies in order to
express their own opinions on issues in education.
Lastly, in terms of attack strategies taken by the committee members,
both parties took strategies stressing accountability when either of the
parties were positioned as the ruling party. On the other hand, the parties
took strategies emphasizing denial, responsibility for the act, and
inconsistency when either of the parties were positioned as the opposition
party.
Based on these findings, it was identified that according to the party’s
position as ruling or opposition, there were differences in the attack
strategy of committee members for the confirmation hearing, which
consequently led to shifts in defense strategies of the candidates of the
Secretary of Education-designate. Although both parties used the same
strategy of extent of the damage, the contents highlighted such as
autonomy versus equality differed according to the liberal or conservative
ideology that each party upheld.