The purpose of this study was to define influence of participation of physical activities on mental toughness, resilience and adaption of school in elementary school Children. The subjects were 676 elementary school children(boys: 365, girls: 311) who lived in G city and C province. Datum was analysed by description analysis, corelation, regression and structure equation. First, participators in physical activities showed higher level of fitness, ‘endurance and need of victory’, and ‘challenge and confidence’ than those of non-participators. Second, there were significant relationship between time of participation and mental toughness, resilience, between frequency of participation and personal relation in resilience, between mental toughness and resilience, adaption of school life, and between resilience and adaption of school. Third, time of participation influenced ‘control of emotion and do one’s best’, load of participation influenced ‘challenge and confidence’, and frequency of participation influenced personal relation, periods of participation influenced activation of participators. Fitness level of children influenced mental toughness, resilience and adaption of school. Forth, this model could be used as theoretical model because general index are proved(Q=2.987, GFI=.958, TLI=969, NFI=.976, CFI=.987, RMSEA=.047). In analysis details index, there were significant paths of participation of physical activities ⟶ mental toughness, resilience, and adaption of school, mental toughness ⟶ resilience, and adaption of school, and resilience ⟶ adaption of school.