The purpose of this study is to investigate and discuss an assessment aspect of the curriculum for
realizing a competency-based education involving competency-based concepts and the general
curriculum’s perspective. To achieve this purpose, competency concepts and the features of a
competency-based education and assessment were theoretically explored. In addition, the 2015
revised national curriculum and assessment standards documents were analyzed. As a result, it was
found that there are no explicit plans to check students’ development in key competencies because
the documents do not mention any guidelines or plans to assess “key” competencies, which are
considered to be the goal of education. Achievement standards and assessment standards are
developed from a separate subject-centered perspective and are not completely based on the concepts
of competency. Therefore, these standards cannot be considered to be the indicators of success in
key competencies. There are difficulties in putting in place a curriculum that can lead key
competency-based education. This research suggest that a curriculum system that can escape from
separate subject education, such as subject-integrated and competency-based modules, has to be
prepared, and a key competency assessment system including standards, indicators, tasks, and
rubrics, has to be developed through research at the national level.