Elementary school teachers instruct all subjects. As minimum science contents were
learned in university curriculum, elementary school teachers have little opportunity to
learn about evolution. There is a need to communicate to the teachers the modern
evolving explanatory system established in the increasingly controversial debate about
the evolution of non-specialists. Gould's book "After Darwin" is a work that is
suitable for learning modern evolutionary explanation system in the present situation
where pre-service elementary school teachers are lacking with science literacy. More
detailed strategies need to be gathered through further studies.