Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the bone inducing effects on the maxillary sinus of rabbits using the first commercial rhBMP-2 in South Korea and to investigate the influence of supplementation with collagen sponges. Materials and Methods: Two circular windows (diameter, about 4 mm) was formed in the nasal bone of rabbit The preparated maxillary sinuses were filled with collagen sponges (TerudermisⓇ) alone in three groups. In the other three groups, the preparated maxillary sinuses were filled with collagen sponges (TerudermisⓇ) acompanied with rhBMP-2, 20 μg (0.5 mg/cm3). Animals were sacrificed at 2, 4 and 8 weeks. The experimental sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin for histopathologic analysis. Results: After 2 weeks, newly formed woven bone was seen. At four weeks, the bone was more mature than at 2 weeks. After 8 weeks, additional new bone formation was seen and much of the woven bone in the augmented space had been replaced by lamellar bone and fatty tissue. In the rhBMP-2 treated groups, for four weeks, histological findings were similar to those in the experimental group without rhBMP-2. In the rhBMP-2, however, significant bone regeneration ability was seen. Conclusion: In this study, we showed that the rhBMP-2 used in this experimental model was able to induce bone regeneration when combined to the carriers. BMPs have potency as alternatives to bone graft and accelators of the new bone formation. Concerned with this study, we thought further investigation are needed about the effective dose and comparative study of the effect of rhBMP-2 on autogenous bone graft, allograft, xenograft, and artificial bone graft or additional study of application of stem cells. (JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN ACADEMY OF IMPLANT DENTISTRY 2011;30(2):115-122)