This study investigated the prevalence and cross-sectional trajectories of bullying behaviors, bullying behavior
subtypes, and the influence of gender and school-of-attendance differences. For the purposes of this study,
bullying behaviors were classified into three subtypes including physical, verbal, and relational bullying. A total of
1,887 elementary, middle, and high school students in the Seoul and Kyunggi regions of Korea were surveyed.
Results showed that the prevalence of perpetration and victimization, as compared with parallel findings from the
late 1990s, was different by gender and school-of-attendance. For elementary school students, the prevalence of
both perpetration and victimization was higher than the prevalence either perpetration or victimization alone.
For middle and high school students, prevalence findings evinced that more students experienced either
perpetration or victimization, but not both experiences. Verbal bullying was the most prevalent subtype. Finally,
the future implications for prevention and intervention of bullying behavior were suggested.