Innovation is essential for the survival of an enterprises in the global environment. Innovation refers to
not only the meaning of technical and productive innovations from economic perspective, but also the
meaning of social and organizational innovations which are generated due to the effects of technological
innovation. The previous research focuses on the relationship between the innovations such as new
technology, new products, new sources and new types of organizational structure, and the improvement of
productivity of an enterprise, which are based on empirical research. This paper reviews and examines the
concepts of social capital and human capital, which are essential elements for dynamic and social innovation, and discusses the relationships between the social capital from sociological perspective and
human capital and human resource development, which are the important elements of organizational
innovation. Based upon these discussions, I propose Viable System Model that developed from systems
thinking's perspective, as the conceptual framework, which integrates the learning and knowledge
management as the basis of organizational innovation. The VSM offers the possibility of organizational
innovation and viability, which have the multiple criteria of the economic efficiency, strategic effectiveness
and ethical legitimacy, through the organizational culture and structure, through the use of organizational
learning that is based on social capital. In addition, human resource development is possible for
organizational innovation from VSM’s perspective in which it guarantees the autonomy of individuals in
organizations and the development of problem-solving and cooperative capacities through the formation of
social capital in organization.