There has been much discussion of crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED) on school facilities, but few studies focusing on special schools have been conducted in practice. This study aims to provide basic information on environmental design of guideline by analyzing current environmental design elements of special schools located in Korea. To do this, I specified survey questionnaires based on literature review and expert’s advice, and then compared the difference in environmental design elements among the special school types. An empirical framework structured by 3 spatial units (e.g., edge, outdoor, and indoor space) and 4 design principles (e.g., territorial reinforcement, surveillance, access control, and maintenance) reveals a statistically significant difference between public- and private schools. However, notably, a significant difference is not found among the types of disability. The mean of surveillance and access control in public schools is higher than that in private schools, whereas the mean of maintenance in private schools is higher than that in public schools. Therefore, selective approaches to CPTED principles based on establishment types should be considered in the practical design process.