The purpose of this study was to research the professionalism of Elementary School Teachers during giving instructions through the participant observation. For this purpose, all six classes from three public schools and one private school were selected. All six classes were chosen from the two 1st, two 4th, and two 6th grade. The data were collected from 45 instructions of 1st grade, 44 of 4th grade, and 49 of 6th grade from October, 2003 to March, 2004. The coding frame which was revised three times was categorized into four parts. They are integration, promotion, assistance, encouragement and affectionate expression. The collected data were transcribed by every school/class/lesson and categorized into the coding frame. The survey was conducted to generalize the result through the participant observation. The object of survey included 28 elementary schools, 823 teachers, 990 parents, 188 professional educators in total of 2001 persons. As the result, the survey showed that the above four factors such as integration, promotion, assistance, encouragement and affectionate expression have been recognized as the professional factors of elementary school teachers. For the following research, the mixture of qualitative and quantitative methodology will be expected to conduct actively and complementarily.