Militarily confronting with the North, South Korea maintains 600,000 military forces. In Korean society, the military is the largest unit with its service members working in a distinct operation structure. Since it consists of short, medium and long-term servicemen, the possible issues related to ex-servicemen are various depending on their service terms. The short-term ex-servicemen, which account for the largest number in military, do not experience much difficulty in adjusting to the society after their two-year service; but the situation of long-term ex-servicemen is not the same. Each year, approximately 3,000 servicemen discharge from the military after serving more than 10 years. However, pension and any legally supporting measures to assist those long-term ex-servicemen are not well implemented due to a lack of budget and other reasons. In addition, the mid-term ex-servicemen, which amount to 4,000 each year, are not even provided with legal and systemic measures enough to support their smooth return to the society. Since the end of the ‘Cold War’, military tension has eased. However, Korea still has to keep developing its military capacity to respond to the ever-strengthening military power of the North that focuses on the development of nuclear weapons. Also, Korea has been establishing a new relationship with the North since the 6.15 Joint South-North Declaration. Against this backdrop, we could find some structural features related to the Korean military. First, Korea set a goal to realize self-defense while maintaining cooperation with the US and allies. Then, it understands North Korea as a militarily threatening power whom it has to negotiate for reducing tension and armament. Lastly, in the era of globalization, it is faced with the expansion of market economy into the national defense area, as the society is experiencing a change in its structure overall. In Consideration of this unique background, it is very urgent for Korea to come up with a more advanced system for ex-servicemen to help them well adjust to the after-service living in society. Specifically, the new system should provide more than vocational training and pension. A new systemic paradigm that supports former service members to return and adjust to the society can be established through followings. First, ex-servicemen should be provided with supporting measures, regardless of their service terms. Second, the importance of the ex-servicemen’s role should be leveraged as the new relationship between two Koreas has been established. Third, to be reconsidered as part of the society, the Korean military should introduce the market economy principle into its organization and flexibly apply it to servicemen.