The purpose of this study was to find out the effects of the physical self-efficacy of elementary school students on the result of exercise performance and attribution factors. for this study, 193 boy students of the sixth grade were selected as the subjects in P and D elementary schools in busan. The students were asked to respond to physical self-efficacy questionnaires and then to perform the given exercise task. The result of the performance was classified into success group and failure group. The success group was asked to respond to an attribution test of success and the failure group to an attributuion test of failure. The resultant data were analyzed by t-test. The result is as the follows. First, both the group leveled high for physical self-efficacy and the group leveled low performed the exercise, the result of which showed that the success group recognized more physical self-efficacy. Second, the result of the exercise performance showed that the success accompliched by the success group was attributed to internal attribution factors(ability, effort etc.) and the failure by the failure group to external factors, namely, task difficulty. Third, the upper scored group for physical self-efficacy and the lower scoreed group in the success group responded differently on the attrivution factors such as ability, effort, task difficulty and luck factor. The high leveled group was highly attributed to ability of the 4 factors, and the low leveled group was highest attrivuted to luch factor. Fourt, the upper scored group and the lower scored group of physical self-efficacy in the failure group responded differently on the attribution factors, such as ability, effort and task difficulty. The result showed that the high leveled group was highly attibuted to luch among the 4 factors and the low leveled group to ability and effort.