The purpose of the study was to define the concept of learner’s participation in instruction and develop a scale to measure the concept. In order to achieve the purpose, a literature review was conducted to define the concept, and resulted in 46 preliminary items of the scale to measure the participation. Based on the experts review, these items were reduced into 22 items. An exploratory factor analysis identified five factors with 16 items. Then, a confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to confirm these factors and items. Finally, validity of the scale was verified based on the correlation between the scale and the learning achievement and satisfaction. The scale was found to be consisted of five factors, instructional preparation, performing instructional activities, expressing oneself, extending instruction, instructional enthusiasm, and 16 items. Although the scale was developed to be used in face-to-face instruction, it was suggested that it could be used in e-learning environment.