It was thought desirable to elucidate the influence of the mammillary bodies upon sexual behavior. Twenty male rats were used, of which 9 rats had their mammillary bodies damaged electrolytically through implanted electrodes (mammillary body group) and 11 rats received the same surgery short of electrolytic damage to the mammillary bodies (operated control group). Their sexual behavior was observed 3 weeks after surgery. Observation was discontinued when an ejaculation was followed by a successive intromission. 1. Mounting without intromission occurred significantly less often in the mammillary body group than in the operated control group. 2. No significant group difference existed with regard to the occurrence of mounting with intromission. However, the value tended to rise in the mammillary body group compared with the value of the operated control group. 3. Mountings with and without intromission tended to occure more often in the mammillary body group than in the operated control group, but the difference was nonsignificant. 4. The ejaculatory latency (time interval between the first intromission and the first ejaculation) and the postejaculatory interval (time interval between an ejaculatory act and the next intromission) tended to decrease in the mammillary body group compared with the values of the operated control group. However, again the difference did not reach significancy. 5. There existed no significant group differences with regard to the mounting latency (time interval between the first encounter with female and the first mounting with or without intromission), the intromission latency (time interval between the first encounter and the first intromission), and the interintromission period (mean time interval between two successive intromissions). From the above results, it may be inferred that the mammillary bodies tend to exert slight and nonsignificant inhibitory influence upon sexual behavior of male rats. However, further study is indicated before reaching final conclusion.