The author confirmed the development of the smooth muscle in the oviduct proprius and anterior mesosalpinx in the leghorn, and observed that there was a variation between the action of norepinephrine on albumin-secreting portion of productive oviduct and that of non-productive one, and that PGE₁ might play a significant role on the activation of adrenergic α-receptor in the non-productive oviduct. 1. There were many bundles of smooth muscles with irregular directions, which were identified in the both oviduct proprius and anterior mesosalpinx by Mallory aniline-blue orange G stain. 2. In vitro experiments, the anterior mesosalpinx was always relaxed by norepinephrine. While the albumin-secreting portion of non-productive period of oviduct was relaxed, but that of the productive one contracted by norepinephrine. Both the anterior mesosalpinx and oviduct proprius of chick responsed with relaxation to norepinephrine as shown in the non-productive hen. In vivo experiments, norepinephrine injected through the jugular vein increased the intraoviductal pressure in the productive oviduct, but decreased that in the non-productive one. 3. By treatment with PGE₁, in vitro, the relaxation induced not only by norepinephrine, but by periarterial electrical stimulation was converted into contraction, and in the presence of phentolamine, this conversion by PGE₁ was not shown. 4. The intra-oviductal pressure of the productive hen treated with indomethacin for 4 days was decreased by norepinephrine, but the increase in pressure by PGE₁ or PGE₂ was supersensitized when these drugs were administered through jugular vein. However, in vivo, the relaxation by norepinephrine was not converted into the stimulation after PGE₁ treatment. It might be summarized that the regulation of intra-oviductal pressure was dependent on the summation of the movement of both oviduct and mesosalpinx and intramurally produced prostaglandins contributes to the inherent tone of the prcductive oviduct by activating adrenergic α-receptor.