The present studies were carried out to determine if antinociceptive action of morphine and β-endorphin administered intraventricularly was changed in. pentobarbital anesthetized spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. Antinociception was assessed by the tail-flick test. The ED50 values of antinociception for morphine administered intraventricularly were 1.9 and 1.2 nmol for WKY and SHR rats, respectively. The ED50 values of antinociception for β-endorphin administered intraventricularly were 0.40 and 0.12 nmol for WKY and SHR rats, respectively. The [Met5]-enkephalin (ME) and proenkephalin mRNA levels in midbrain, pons and medulla, or lumbar section of the spinal cord in WKY and SHR rats were measured by the radioimmunoassay and Northern blot assay, respectively. There were no differences of ME and proenkephalin mRNA levels in these tissues between WKY and SHR rats. The results suggest that β-endorphin but not morphine administered intraventricularly produces a greater antinociception in SHR rats. This increased antinociceptive effect of β-endorphin in SHR rats may be not, at least, due to the alterations of ME And proenkephalin mRNA levels in the midbrain, pons and medulla, or spinal cord.