The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the expression activity using musical instruments on the young children's musical ability and physical expression ability. Subjects for this study were 40 five year-old young children (17 boys and 23 girls) from two classes in E kindergarten in G city. Data were analyzed by t-test using SPSS 12.0 program. The results showed that the experimental group improved significantly in both musical ability and physical expression ability. There was a significant effects of the expression activity using musical instruments on increasing young children's musical and physical expression abilities.