In recent years, railway tunnels have been prolonged and installed in depth, and the risk of fire in railway tunnels is increasing. Unlike road tunnels, in general railway tunnels, there is no mechanical fan to control the fire smoke when a fire occurs. Recently, a long and very deep tunnel is installed with mechanical fans to control the smoke in case of a fire. This paper deals with the preliminary measurement of the natural airflow of the tunnel for the fire test in a high-speed railway tunnel and the design contents of various devices required. Considering the fire size of the railway car which can occur in the railroad tunnel, a suitable fire source which can be installed in the actual running tunnel was designed. We have introduced a catenary line guards to protect the lines installed in the tunnels, and arranged the arrangements of thermocouples, anemometers and smoke density meters to understand the behavior of the fireplaces and smoke. In the succeeding paper, we will analyze the experimental results in the high-speed railway tunnels based on the design of the long railway tunnel fire and smoke design designed in this paper.