This study aimed to investigate the relationship between two types of instrumentality and achievement goals. In addition, it was examined whether self-efficacy moderated in the relationship between each type of instrumentality and achievement goals. Instrumentality empathized the connection between present tasks and valued future goals. Instrumentality was conceptualized as a task-specific variable. Reflecting context- dependent characteristics, two types of instrumentality were distinguished: endogenous and exogenous instrumentality. Students in College of Education participated in this study. The survey was administrated with 298 participants taking educational psychology classes. Data were analyzed by hierarchical multiple regression. The results from the study showed that endogenous instrumentality predicted mastery goals positively and performance-avoidance goals negatively, whereas exogenous instrumentality predicted both performance-approach and performance-avoidance goals. In addition, it was found that students with high self-efficacy were less likely to adopt performance-avoidance goals when they perceived more endogenous instrumentality in this study.