The purpose of this study was to examine variables related to school readiness. Variables of school readiness including kindergarteners’ gender and temperament, parents’ educational level, maternal working patterns, kindergarteners’ average hours spent with their mothers per day, and maternal parenting were investigated over the course of this study. The subjects of this study were 398 kindergarteners and their mothers. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, Cronbach Alpha, t-test, Pearson’s correlations, and stepwise multiple regression analyses. For the purposes of testing all the relevant hypotheses, a measure of .05 was considered to be a statistically significant level. The major findings of this study were as follows: there was a significant difference in school readiness by gender. Moreover, there were significant associations between school readiness and temperament as well as parenting. In addition, kindergarteners’ gender and temperament, paternal educational level, maternal parenting, and kindergarteners’ average hours spent with their mothers per day predicted school readiness.