The global financial crisis that derived from the subprime mortgage market of America has
resulted in reform of regulation of financial institutions in major countries. Financial regulatory
reform has been specifically conspicuous in America and England because the financial crisis
was rooted in the financial market of two countries.
First, the Housing and Economic Recovery Act of 2008 passed in America. Then, as the
financial crisis that basically resulted from the subprime mortgage loans has greatly worsened,
Congress passed the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008. According to the
Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008, the Troubled Assets Relief Program was made.
Second, the Department of Treasury issued the Financial Regulatory Reform-A New
Foundation: Rebuilding Financial Supervision and Regulation in June of 2009. On the basis of
the Financial Regulatory Reform, the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection
Act(the Dodd-Frank Act) was enacted in July of 2010.
Third, the Dodd-Frank Act greatly changed the financial supervision and regulation system
in America. According to the Dodd-Frank Act, the Financial Stability Oversight Council is
established. In addition, the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection, the Federal Insurance
Office, and the Investor Advisory Committee are newly established. Furthermore, credit rating
agencies, OTC derivatives, and proprietary trading of banks should be greatly regulated and
supervised under the Dodd-Frank Act.
Also, financial regulation system has been reformed in England. First, the Banking Act of
2009 was made to achieve financial stability. Under the Banking Act of 2009, powers of the
Bank of England was greatly strengthened and the Financial Stability Committee was newly established within the Bank of England.
Second, in March of 2009 the Financial Services Authority(FSA) published the Turner Review
that contains various financial regulatory plans.
Lastly, according to the financial regulatory reform of the UK Government of June of 2010,
FSA will be abolished and functions of FSA will be transferred to the Bank of England.
In case of Korea, it is necessary to obtain financial stability and protect financial consumers.
In this connection, the financial regulatory reform should be proposed to reform the financial
regulation system of Korea. Much emphasis on financial stability and protection of financial
consumers should be placed in respect of the financial regulatory reform.