Motivational focus refers to individuals’ tendency to direct their attention
to the self or others. When individuals direct their attention to the self, it
is self-focused motivation, whereas when individuals direct their attention to
others, it is other-focused motivation. Self-orientation such as narcissism or
pride is the case of self-focused motivation. Excessive self-orientation makes
individuals to focus only on their own selves, which typically results in social
isolation, which in turn leads them to feel unhappy. This rationale has been
supported by this study; Loneliness mediated the effects of excessive
self-orientation on the decreased sense of happiness. The implications of the
results were discussed