The purpose of this study was to elicit implications for social welfare education through comparing adolescents and adults related to concepts of social effects of social welfare and social work participation. For this study, we collected data from 373 middle and high school students and 368 adults in Pohang city. We found three main things. First, the study participants showed lower levels of social effects of social welfare, mainly due to adolescents\' low levels: particularly showing negative concepts related to social welfare recipients. Second, adolescents had significantly lower scores in universal social work participation than adults. Third, regarding universal social work participation, while current participation in volunteer activities had a positive association with universal social work participation for adolescents, family economic status, concept of social effects of social welfare, and current participation in financial support for social welfare organization had a positive association for adults. Based on these findings, we suggested need of social welfare education for adolescents and adults. Particularly, in order for adolescents to improve concepts of universal social welfare participation, service learning experiences (through volunteering activity) were recommended.