The purpose of this study is to investigate the influences of shortage of books on the education and the civil service exams in the early Joseon Dynasty. At that time. the supply of books was absolutely insufficient due to the decrease of paper production capacity required for book printing. In order to overcome this problem, they tried not only to encourage the national printing offices and local authorities to print and distribute books but also to import books from China, but they could not solve the problem of book shortage. As such, at the time, the price of the Confucian Classics was so high due to lack of books that the number of fully equipped students with them was very small. Therefore, the bookstores needed to be set up to activate the circulation of the books, thereby trying to lower the prices of the books, but they could not be installed for various reasons. The shortage of books had a negative impact on the education and the civil service exams of the time. Larger students who did not have the Confucian Classics tended to take the civil service exams by transcribing the collections of anticipated problems by colleagues . In addition, the students who did not have the Confucian Classics showed the behavior of learning neglect, which seemed to have impeded the edification of the most important task of the nation, Gyo-Hwa(敎化). And because the teachers as well as the students had no sufficient textbooks in the schools, the proper education could not be done at that time.