The purpose of this study is (1) to survey role of politics and administration in education policy through opposite two ideas technical rationality and political rationality and (2) to analyze how two rationality mechanisms worked in the process of education policy. In particular, this study analyzes a case 7.20 Policy for improving educational conditions that was implemented by the presidential pledge of Kim Dae-Jung s administration to examine how two rationality mechanisms worked in the practical process of education policy decision and implementation. In this process, we can know that the stakeholders of Korean education policy considered political rationality, such as political interests and environment in addition to pursuing technical rationality based on economic effect analysis. Based on the analysis, this study suggests that (1) productive tension should be formed to make complementary relationship between policy and administration in a situation that political influence on education policy is growing and (2) we should not be too rigid from a technical rationality and (3) we need to discuss ways to secure rationality in a long-term perspective.