The purpose of this study is to present a case of applying Socratic dialogue to small group science lessons of middle school students, focusing on the examination and verification process based on refusal dialogue known as ‘elenchos’, hypothetical method and the doctrine of reminiscence, and to explore and discuss the implications of the case in science education. At the beginning of the program, research participants tried to answer only what they had just seen and heard, and did not think that the shadow caused by the sun light is formed in a direction different from the shadow caused by the light or the street light. They then knew that the sun s rays were incident side-by-side on the surface through the measurement activity, but they could not easily dismiss the preconceptions. The students then hypothesized to know the cause of the difference between morning and day temperature, however, in the verification process, made a false suggestion. But, in the end, the students reached the correct reasoning that the reason is that the higher the altitude of the sun, the greater the energy received per unit area, and could explain the cause of seasonal change correctly. As the program progressed, students expressed and organized their ideas well. This implies that knowledge can be internalized by rational thinking after experience and that students can develop further through dialogue with teachers. The Socratic dialogue method is suitable for identifying the contradictions of individual students thinking processes and preparing appropriate activities, since the teacher can identify where students have alternative concepts.