The computer is positioning itself as the primary base for performing language assessment. Unlike earlier studies that focused on the comparability of paper-and-pencil and computer-based testing, more recent studies on computer-based assessment are actively examining how the testing method may affect performance. This paper briefly highlights some seminal studies on computer-based language assessment, and then looks at some major recent research trends. This paper goes on to introduce computer-based tests that make the most of the advantages of computer technology: a listening test that allows test takers to control the number of times they listen to a recorded passage; a computer-based reading test that enables test takers to make markings on the screen; and a writing test that allow internet search, and a computer-based reading test that lets test takers adjust the setting for typeface, font size, and line spacing. This paper concludes with introducing the latest research trends and with calling for more research on the construct of and access to computer-based tests.