The relationship among Jacheongbi, Cheongsoonam, and Moondoryeong in the Segyeong-Bonpuri has been identified as a love triangle structure by researchers. However, the two male characters in the narrative do not ever meet each other in person. Why is this? Can we genuinely call their relationship as a love triangle? The discussion in this study originates from these questions. To find the answers, we first need to understand that Cheongsoonam and Moondoryeong have different masculinities.
Cheongsoonam’s masculinity is concentrated on his physical qualities, which are represented by the semantic network of the phallus-centric body, the phallus-centric sexuality, and the performance of physical labors. However, the masculinity of Moondoryeong originates from the vertical hierarchy of his father, Moonseonwang, and is passed down to Moondoryeong and Samcheonseonbi. Moondoryeong shows complicit masculinity, demonstrated by the fact that he is dependent on the power of his father. However, in the end, he shows hegemonic masculinity by obtaining Jacheongbi through marriage. Because of Moondoryeong’s success with Jacheongbi, he becomes Samcheonseonbi’s object of jealousy.
Next, in the narrative, the masculinity of Moondoryeong is highlighted whereas the masculinity of Cheongsoonam is overshadowed. To explain Moondoryeong’s position of hegemonic masculinity, we first have to understand the position that the administrator and the exiled had within Jeju island during the Choseon dynasty. Though they were powerless in the mainland, in Jeju island, they were treated highly for having introduced the advanced culture of Confucianism there. The positions of the administrator and the exiled are represented through Moondoryeong’s image as a powerless man who eventually rises to the position of Upper Segyeong.
The failure of Cheongsoonam to be a symbol of hegemonic masculinity is due to a society that no longer appreciates physical labor. This explain why Cheongsoonam is demoted from Lower Segyeong to Segyeong-jangnam in some versions. Hence the reason that the two characters do not meet in the narrative lies in the fact that Moondoryeong’s complicit masculinity replaces Cheongsoonam’s marginalized masculinity in the position of hegemonic masculinity.
Therefore, the masculinities shown in the Segyeong-Bonpuri highlights the character of Jacheongbi. Jacheongbi, disguised as a man, outsmarts the tests administered to her to prove her sex and wins over Moondoryeong. The constant monologue by Geomu-seonsaeng who suspects Jacheongbi is female also hinders the masculinity presented in the Segyeong-Bonpuri. The marriage between Jacheongbi, who is disguised as a man, and the daughter of Jim-jeongseung in the Seocheon flower garden also eliminates the distinction between sex and gender. Just as this proves that sex and gender are a fabricated construct in the Segyeong-Bonpuri, it also exposes the fabricated nature of masculinities.
As a result, Jacheongbi does not end up with either Cheongsoonam and or Moondoryeong. Jacheongbi’s actions indicate that she is escaping from various forms of male domination. She rejects both the masculinities symbolized by Cheongsoonam and Moondoryeong, which keep women restricted to the level of a mode of production, and sacrifice them on the alter of culture style. Nonetheless, Jacheongbi foresees the transition to a new culture called “agriculture” by embracing Moondoryeong and Cheongsoonam, and she changes to a god along with them at the end of the narrative. This shows that feminism is not a concept that exists to confront, replace, or resist men. In the current era, where a powerful wave of feminism is rising, we have fresh reasons to examine the character of Jacheongbi.