In this study, systematic review and meta-analysis were performed in order to identify the variables related with adolescent gambling behavior in a multi-dimensional way by dividing each of the influencing factors into protection and risk factors. Total of 29 research papers performed in Korea from the year 2001 to 2018 August 30th were selected, and 14 variables, 103 effect size data regarding risk factors, 10 variables, 48 effect size data regarding protection factors were used in final meta-analysis. As a result of the analysis, the biggest effect size is respectively gambling motivation, number of close gambler relating risk factors. On the other hand, the biggest effect size relating protection factors is respectively self esteem, self control and emotional bond among family members. The mean effect size of protection factors were bigger than the risk factors. Moreover, the analysis result of moderating effects regarding difference according to risk and protection factors is presented.