The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of an environmental education program based on environmental conflict cases on the environmental literacy of elementary school students. After preparatory research and analysis of the curriculum, the program was created using a four-step process consisting of planning, preparation, development, and improvement. A teaching-learning model was designed that was linked to environmental conflict focusing on social subjects that reflected the most environmental conflict factors. Twenty 4th grade elementary school students participated in this study. Their environmental literacy was measured before and after conducting the program. The results of this study are as follows. First, the pre-test and post-test results indicated that environmental education programs using environmental conflicts have statistically significant effects on environmental literacy of elementary school students. Second, the qualitative analysis showed that students understood the concept of environmental conflict and expressed interest in and willingness to engage in environmental conflict resolution. In conclusion, environmental programs using environmental conflict cases have positive effects on the environmental literacy of 4th grade elementary school students.