This study aimed to compare the effects of fathers’ and mothers’ rearing attitudes on adolescent children’s aggression and to examine children’s empathy’s mediating roles in the relationship parents’ rearing attitudes to children’s aggression by using SEM (Structural Equation Modeling). The sample of this study was 383 middle school students in Gangwon and Kyonggi provinces, South Korea. The modified model was good fit in terms of the Goodness of Fit criteria of RMSEA, GFI, AGFI, IFI, and CFI. As the result of this study, children’s empathy had the significant indirect effect in the relationship between both father’s and mother’s intimate or neglectful rearing attitudes to children’s aggression. However, there was significant differences in direct effects of father’s and mother’s rearing attitudes to children’s empathy and their aggression. In the father’s model, direct effects of ‘intimacy’ and ‘neglect’ rearing attitudes to children’s empathy, which is a mediate variable, were significant, in contrast, the direct effects of ‘intimacy’, ‘control’, and ‘neglect’ to children’s empathy were significant in the mothers’ model. On the other hand, father’s ‘intimacy’ and ‘control’ have significant direct effects to children’s aggression, which is a dependent variable in the model, in contrast, mothers’ ‘intimacy’, ‘control’, and ‘overprotection’ had significant direct effects to children’s aggression. In addition, there is a negative relationship children’s empathy and aggression significantly. Implications of findings were presented for educational policy makers and researchers on parenting.