The purpose of this study is to clarify the concept and scope of Danpan Neungseon Yeonhwamun Sumaksae (DNYS, convex roof-end tiles with a singlepetaled lotus design and line), which have been found distributed throughout East Asia, including Silla, Baekje, the Southern Dynasties, and Japan, in order to examine the typology and chronology of Silla DNYS and consider their lineage and development. Based on the results, the nature of Silla’s international cultural exchange prior to unification is also addressed. To reach the goal, this study analyzes the attributes of, and builds a typology for, DNYS excavated around Gyeongju area. A total of four chronological stages are established through comparison and examination with the typologies of other regions.
Morphologic attributes and manufacturing techniques indicate that Silla DNYS may have emerged as a result of the combination of the lotus design of the Southern Dynasties (introduced in the third quarter of the 6th century) and the roof tile manufacturing technique introduced from Baekje (at an earlier time), based on a comparison with the roof tiles of the Southern Dynasties and Baekje. In particular, it is presumed that Silla DNYS may have resulted from Silla’s foreign exchange, in particular elements of the Buddhism of the Southern Dynasties which is also reflected in the Jangyukjjonsang of Hwangnyongsa Temple, Palgwanhoe, and other written sources.
In the fourth quarter of the 6th century, Baekje elements were partially absorbed into Silla DNYS when Baekje’s advanced culture was adopted in association with national construction projects, namely the construciton of Hwangnyongsa Temple. In this historical context, DNYS, which had been established by accepting roof tile and brick culture elements of the Southern Dynasties and Baekje, developed into the characteristic type of Silla in the first quarter of the 7th century. By the second quarter of the 7th century, it was firmly established as part of Silla’s roof tile and brick culture.