This study was conducted to explore issues and challenges of school art education as a school subject based on discussions on future education. In order to understand the meaning of knowledge in the context of competency-based education, which is emphasized for educational change in preparation for the future society, and to develop discussions on the knowledge of art subject, the previous studies on the concept of art and future art education were examined. As a result, the restructuring of art subject knowledge and establishment of the identity of art subject education were presented as issues of future art subject education, and discussions were conducted on this. These discussions point out that while art education has been focusing on the value and possibility of a subject related to life by emphasizing the external expansion and connection, the search for the structure and intrinsic properties of knowledge, which are the unique contents of the art subject, is insufficient. It was suggested that efforts to reconceptualize the structure of art subject knowledge in the context of school education are necessary.