This article discusses the limitations of ‘Ecological Approach to Teacher Agency(hereafter, EATA)’ based on pragmatism(Priestly, Biesta & Robinson, 2015). As an alternative conceptual model, this study proposes ‘Relational Teacher Agency’based on critical realism. In doing this, Morphogenetic Approach(Archer, 1995) and Critical Realist Relational Sociology(Donati, 2011) were adopted as theoretical frameworks. The analysis suggests that EATA had three constraints: central conflation, a lack of relational gaze and an ignorance of agents’ reflexivity. To compensate for these weaknesses, the conceptual model of Relational Teacher Agency includes morphogenetic processes consisting of ‘structural conditioning-social interaction-structural elaboration’sequences. It also views social relation as an emergent sui generis reality. Additionally, it articulates the concept of reflexivity, both personal and relational. These three characteristics contribute to unravel the emergent processes of relational teacher agency mediated by teachers’ reflexivity and social relations over time. Accordingly, Relational Teacher Agency drawing on critical realism is theoretically more robust than EATA in terms of its explanatory power.