Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of parent play support beliefs and children s playfulness on children s ego-resiliency. Methods: The participants for this study were 236 young children aged 3 to 5, their parents, and teachers in 19 daycare centers located in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province. Descriptive statistics, bivariate correlations, and hierarchical regression analysis were conducted. Results: The major findings were summarized as follows. First, overall, the level of parents’ play support beliefs, children s playfulness and ego-resiliency tended to be high in the present sample. Second, mothers’ play support beliefs and children s active participation in play were significantly and positively associated with children’s ego-resiliency. Third, parents’ play support beliefs had no moderation effect on the effects of children s playfulness on their ego-resiliency. Conclusion/Implications: The results of this study suggest that parents play support beliefs and children s playfulness are effective in improving children s ego-resiliency.