Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of interaction types during explanation process on young children’s executive function.
Methods: Fifty five 5-year-old children performed the Dimensional Change Card Sorting (DCCS) task for the pre-test. Then, for the intervention, children were assigned to one of three experimental conditions: 1) no-interaction, 2) passive-interaction, and 3) active-interaction. In the post-test, children once again performed the DCCS task. When children performed the DCCS task, a percentage of the correct answers and neural activation levels of the lateral prefrontal cortex were recorded using E-prime 2.0 and Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS).
Results: Children in the active-interaction condition demonstrated a greater percentage of correct answers than those in the no-interaction condition. Also, children in the active-interaction condition showed higher levels of neural activation in the left LPFC than those of passive-interaction and no-interaction conditions.
Conclusions: This study empirically demonstrates the sociocultural approach that emphasizes the role of language and social interaction in children’s cognitive development. This study also provides implications for parents and educators that the role of an active listener can be effective in supporting young children’s cognitive development.