The COVID-19 pandemic has brought many changes in the educational field, such as curriculum organization, teaching methods, and proposed competency for teachers. In this context, this study explored the needs of primary English teachers for teacher training programs related to the future competency of teachers in the post-COVID era. To this end, a group of primary English teachers who have many years of field experience in English education was surveyed by two online questionnaires and one focus group interview using the Delphi method. As a result, the group of primary teachers specializing in English education demanded an overall expansion of teacher training opportunities and contents related to more professional teaching, new class forms, and support to enhance students’ and teachers’ capacity for future education. In particular, the group saw that it is urgent to provide training for supporting students related to the problem of lowering academic achievement caused by COVID-19 and sharing the teaching cases being conducted from the perspective of future education. Furthermore, they mentioned a need for improvement related to the difficulties faced by primary English teachers, such as the need for online training in various topics, recognition of the number of hours for voluntary on-the-job training in teacher group activities, and so on forth. Based on this, the contents and direction of training for the improvement of future competency of primary school English teachers in the post-COVID era were suggested in detail, and it was discussed that various institutional support for more effective teacher training.