This study examines the symbolic meanings of treasures with materials used as treasures and the periods of treasures appear through the consideration of fairy tales, myths, and alchemy with showing children’s cases of sandplay therapy, which are included treasures. The results of the study are as follows. First, in fairy tales, treasures symbolize life energy, spiritual knowledge, or enlightenment. In order to obtain treasures, we need to conduct efforts, struggle and psychological works. For myths, consciousness is changed in sacrifice, and death and rebirth are necessary for achieving treasures. In alchemy, treasures mean changed ego by knowing shadow, self-reflection, and changed life attitudes. Second, in children’s sandboxes, jewelry, shining stones, and golden items are used as treasures. Third, treasures appear in the initial, intermediate or final phase of sandplay therapy. Fourth, in terms of the symbolic meanings of treasures, four children seem to show life energy, the change of consciousness, discovering for the true Self, becoming more mature, having balance and more adapted in real life similar to meanings in fairy tales, myths, and alchemy. Practical issues in sandplay therapy are suggested.