The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of Problem Adaptation Therapy (PATHS)-based collective art therapy on the social competence of young children. The subjects were selected as those who were 5 years old and had been attending M or C nursery in J city. Each of the 11 young children was randomly assigned to the experimental or control groups. For the experimental group, PATHS-based collective art therapy was administered from September 16 to November 1, 2019; therapy consisted of two to three sessions a week for a total of 17 sessions, excluding the pre-and post-examinations, for 50 minutes each session. The Development of a Social Competence Rating Scale for Young Children was used to verify the effectiveness of the study, which was developed by Hyewon Lee et al. (2005). For the statistical analysis, the independent T-test was conducted to verify the homogeneity of the experimental and control group. To assess the effectiveness of the program, the repeated-measures ANOVA was performed with the pre-test scores. The results of this study showed that PATHS-based collective art therapy positively affected on social competence of young children, and the effect was sustained. Based on these results, discussions on the significance and limitations of this study were addressed.