The purpose of this study was to analyze who introduced the Western discourse on educational evaluation, how it was constructed, and how it was recontextualized, focusing on the initial institutionalization of academic discourse on educational evaluation from Korea s liberation to the 1960s. In order to achieve this purpose, the discourse on educational evaluation was analyzed using a historical sociology method. The results were as follows. First, the academic discourse on educational evaluation was emerged by educational evaluation experts from studying in the United States, reflecting the reorganization of cultural hegemony. Second, the academic discourse on educational evaluation defined the identity of educational evaluation centering on Tyler-style evaluation concept and theory, while emphasizing the importance of technical knowledge and scientific measurement based on positivism and rationalism. And due to the coexistence of evaluation discourse and measurement discourse, discursive tensions arose within academic texts on educational evaluation. Finally, the academic discourse on educational evaluation was recontextualized in Korea s historical-social context at the time. As a result, the extension of the educational evaluation concept was expanded, while the intension of the educational evaluation concept was changed, and the purposes of selection and management were highlighted rather than the purpose of improving teaching and learning, and educational evaluation was depoliticized in a way that eliminated the problem of conflict between values and justified the problem of discrimination and inequality. These results show that the current problems of educational evaluation, such as the gap between theory and practice of educational evaluation, the tensions and conflicts between evaluation purposes, have been repeated in a similar way since the past.