The experience of being victimized by school violence limits the healthy growth of students. Empirical verification of changes in experiences of school violence according to age and context is an important prerequisite for coping with negative consequences. The purpose of this study is to investigate the developmental and contextual factors in order to understand the trend of students' experiences of school violence during secondary education by using a longitudinal study for 5 years from the 2nd year of middle school to the 3rd year of high school. As a research method, a binary growth model was applied in piecewise form to capture developmental and contextual factors due to changes in age and school organization through the division of time variables. According to the main research results, while the experience of school violence decreased as age (grade) increased as a developmental factor, the effect was diluted in the case of chronic victim students. In terms of context, going from middle school to high school discontinuously lowered the possibility of school violence, but this effect decreased in rural schools. Admission to special purpose high schools and specialized high schools showed different results in terms of the possibility of school violence compared to admission to general high schools. Going to a girls' high school lowered the possibility of school violence, but the possibility was increased with the increase in grade level. In the case of club participation, the possibility of school violence victimization increased for students who participated for the first time in high school. These developmental results suggest that school violence prevention education needs to be focused on middle school, and that there is a need to pay attention to the transition period from middle school to high school where school organizational forms and members change.