Using data from the Korea Education Longitudinal Study of 2013 (KELS:2013), this study examined the college entrance outcomes of private elementary school graduates. Results showed that private elementary school graduates showed significantly better scores in the College Scholastic Ability Test (CSAT) compared to their public school counterparts, particularly demonstrating a notable difference in English achievement. The impact of attending private elementary school on CSAT scores was largely attributed to the selection effect, explained by family background and student characteristics. Nevertheless, even after controlling for other variables, the graduation from a private elementary school was found to bring about a small but significant difference in the CSAT English section grades. Furthermore, private elementary school graduates were more likely to enroll in 4-year universities than 2-year colleges, and they had a higher probability of attending 4-year universities in the metropolitan area compared to non-metropolitan regions. Additionally, private school graduates had a higher likelihood of entering 4-year universities through the regular admissions process (정시) rather than through early admissions (수시), although this difference was also entirely due to the selection effect. These research findings provide crucial empirical evidence regarding the university enrollment of private elementary school graduates.