This study systematically investigated the longitudinal exploration of student and school-level factors influencing the development of civic consciousness among adolescents. These adolescents, who are the future constituents of society, are responding to recent ethical challenges such as the growing social hatred and individualism. Using data collected from the "Seoul Education Longitudinal Study 2020" in 2021 and 2022, the analysis focused on identifying the factors that impact the initial values and progression of civic consciousness among middle and high school students in Seoul. Student-level variables considered included gender, socioeconomic status (SES), volunteering experience, reading habits, peer relationships, and more, while school-level variables encompassed factors like school type, innovation school status, and the existence of community collaboration programs. The results demonstrated that student activities such as volunteering, reading, club participation, career maturity, collaboration, and emotional empathy exerted positive influences on civic consciousness. At the school level, the presence of innovation schools, student welfare education gap budgets, and community collaboration programs significantly affected civic consciousness. Specifically, middle school students in innovation schools showed higher initial levels of civic consciousness, and student welfare education gap budgets positively impacted civic consciousness growth in middle school, while community collaboration programs had a consistent effect on civic consciousness growth in high school. Based on these findings, policy recommendations were suggested, including the promotion of volunteering activities, enhancement of digital education, and the expansion of student welfare and community collaboration programs.