The purpose of this study is to identify the participation factors and attributes in the formation and development of the teacher learning community. To achieve it, a qualitative meta-analysis method which can synthesize and analyze qualitative research that revealed various features was used. As a result of the study, the facilitating factors of the teacher learning community were categorized into individual, learning organization(community), school and education factors. The attributes of the teacher learning community included ‘value and vision sharing’, ‘emphasis on student learning’, ‘voluntary action’, ‘emotional ties and sense of belonging’, ‘collaborative group exploration’, ‘practice and sharing through reflective conversation’, ‘administrative support environments’, ‘supportive and distributed leadership’, ‘teacher professionalism development’, and ‘the culture of trust and respect’. Among them, ‘collaborative group exploration, teacher professionalism development, and the culture of trust and respect’ appeared in all cases. In detail, it was found that the culture of trust and respect, administrative support environments, emotional ties and sense of belonging were the most important factors to participate in the teacher learning community. The characteristics of driving force, interest, participation degree, and spontaneity were found in individual factors, which were derived five participation types of teacher learning community: reformer type , activist type , real profit seeking type , crowd mind type , and bystander type . When the teacher learning community shares values and visions in an administrative and policy support environment and emotional ties and sense of belonging based on a school culture of trust and respect, qualitative realization of the collaborative group exploration, the practice and sharing through reflective conversation, the improving student learning, and the teacher professionalism development based on the voluntary action and the shared leadership becomes possible.