By using TALIS 2018 Korea survey data (304 principals and 2,472 teachers) collected by OECD, this study attempted to examine the structural relationships between innovative school climate and teacher collaboration. At this time, considering the hierarchical nature of the innovative school climate, it was included in the analysis by classifying it into school organization innovation and peer teacher innovation. Given the hierarchical nature of the innovative school climate, I classified it into school organizational innovativeness and collective teacher innovativenss and used them for the analysis. In addition, considering the quality level of teacher collaboration, it was divided into professional collaboration and exchange and co-operation for teaching for the analysis. A multilevel structural equation modeling was applied as the main analysis technique. The main research results are as follows. First, a significant positive relation existed at the school level between the two elements of the innovative school climate, namely, school organizational innovativeness and collective teacher innovativeness. Second, collective teacher innovativeness predicted the two types of teacher collaboration positively at both teacher and school level. Third, school organizational innovativeness did not directly predict the two types of teacher collaboration, but it was found that it had a significant indirect effect (complete mediation effect) on both types of teacher collaboration through collective teacher innovativeness. Fourth, both school organizational innovativeness and collective teacher innovativeness predicted professional cooperation more strongly than exchange and co-operation for teaching statically. Based on the aforementioned main results, implications from the theoretical and practical dimensions were discussed in relation to school and teacher innovative performance and teacher collaboration.