The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of child's temperament, mother' temperament, poorness-of- fit temperament between mother and child, mediated by mother's parenting practice on child's problem behavior. Subject of this study were consisted of 316 mothers having 4-6 years old children drawn from three preschools in Cheong-ju city. Data were analyzed by using SPSSWIN and LISREL(Linear Structural Relationship) Ⅷ program. The proposed theoretical model was supported by the data and fitted adequately. The results were as following: First, emotionality and sociability of boy were significantly direct effects on children's internalizing problem behavior, did not effect on children's externalizing problem behavior. on the other hand, emotionality and sociability of girls were significantly direct effects on children's internalizing & externalizing problem behavior.Second, mother's emotionality was only variable to have a direct effect on mother's parenting practice for girls. whereas child's sociability, mother's emotionality, and poorness-of-fit of emotionality have direct effects on mother's parenting practice for boys.