The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect and the path of mothers’ psychological characteristics on the school readiness of 5 year children through the mediation of social skill. For this purpose, the 7th year data of the Panel Study on Korean Children (PSKC) of Korea Institute of Child Care and Education were used. The data were collected from 1,115 infants attending kindergartens and daycare centers among 1,620 infants aged 72 to 79 months and their mothers. To examine the relationship and effect size of each variable, the structural model was statistically processed and the fit of the model was very good. The results of the analysis of the final model reflecting both the direct effect of mothers’ psychological characteristics on the children’s learning readiness and the indirect effect on the school readiness through the social skills, showed that the psychological characteristics of mothers were not directly related to their children’s school readiness. However, the psychological characteristics of mothers indirectly influenced on the children’s school readiness through the social skill. Also, the significance of the mediation effect was verified through bootstrapping.