This study explores the phenomenon of the increasing number of students with special needs in South Korea been experiencing population decline for decades through the reductionism perspective of the technology effects in the era of the 4th industrial revolution and explores this social phenomenon based in Christakis’ overstimulation hypothesis. With those critical views, this paper starts with examining the relational dynamics among three aspects: changes of population structure in South Korea, technology of the 4th industrial revolution, and disability and then, it argues the effects of media and technology on the phenomenon of the increasing number of students with speical needs. In addition, this paper also presents the problems that may arise due to overstimulation by the media and technology and discusses the directions of using technology for speical education in the era of the 4th industrial revolution. In that it sees technology as a factor changing the landscape of special education, this study contributes to understanding the phenomenon of the increasing number of students with special needs in the era of the 4th industrial revolution and in turn, understanding the potential impact of technology on children in the technology-driven society.